Редактирование: Guide to chemistry (раздел)

== Handling reactions ==

For returning players - reactions now work over time. In general reaction rate is tied to temperature and in some cases the presence of an optional catalyst. In general Purity is tied to the purity of your reagents, and how far away from optimal your pH is. It's important to note that the basic reaction is a one size fits all while each reaction is updated over a batch of updates, so it's unlikely that they'll cause too much trouble for you. Keep your pH within 5-9 and bare in mind most reactions are exothermic now meaning they generate heat when reacting, dangerous when using certain explosive chemicals opposite is for endothermic reactions. [[#Methamphetamine|Meth]] has been tweaked - and it's a tad more dangerous, since it becomes more exothermic the less pure it is and meth explodes if it gets to 380k so be careful out there Walter!.

For a quick crash course in mechanics, the help button on the chem heater (now renamed the reaction chamber) will get you up to speed by guiding you through a calomel reaction. There's an achievement too if you complete it with a 100% purity product!

=== Temperature ===

All reactions that are non-instant have a reaction rate tied to the temperature of a beaker. If a chemical is reacting too slowly, simply heat the beaker up to speed it up. As a reaction occurs, it is either Exothermic (heat producing) or Endothermic (heat consuming). Care should be taken for the Exothermic reactions, as they are liable to overheat. An overheated reaction will reduce the yield of your reaction by default, and other reactions can have specialise effects when they get too hot (not in yet, but soon!). The rate in which a reaction heats up is faster the hotter it is, be careful to not lose control, and run if you do. 

=== Reaction rates ===
The easiest way to speed a reaction up is to heat the reaction up, but if you're looking for other ways, such as for plumbing, having an optional catalyst (such as Palladium synthate catalyst for medicines) at its required volume will also speed it up. Finally, one other alternative is to use Tempomyocin on a reaction to suddenly give it a boost.

=== Potential of Hydrogen (pH) ===

Every chemical has an innate pH, which can be seen by pressing the cog on the dispenser. The pH of the beaker is the sum of the pHes in the mix. The pH of a beaker determines how pure a product is, for the recipes with a given pH, you want to have your pH at the centre of the limits when the reaction starts. As a reaction progresses, it's likely the pH will begin to drift, and must be compensated for either with [[#Acidic_Buffer|buffer reagents]] or acidic/alkaline compounds. The pH range is something chemists often have to learn over several reactions, and the ChemMaster 3000 analyse function can give an insight into what pH you should be aiming for (Not in yet). Highly impure compounds are liable to affect your reaction too thus it is prudent to set your pH before reacting, as an overly impure reaction will drag the purity down of all other reagents with it. 

Presently the pH meter on the machines have a higher accuracy than normal to help players accumulate. 

=== Purity ===

Purity of a reagent is determined by how pure your reactants were, and how optimal the pH was during the reaction. If the product is slightly impure it'll split into the impure chem. 100% pure reagents will not split. If it is highly impure it will invert all of the product into the inverse chem (the percentage thresholds are given on the reagent's entry). If the reaction's purity is below the unstable purity, and the reaction has a failed chem, it will be replaced by that chem at the end of the reaction. Purity also can have an effect on a reagent's performance too which is detailed in the description. To clarify, here's an example case:

* Reagent A 10u 100% purity on consumption - 10u of Reagent A added to the patient.
* Reagent A 10u 75% purity on consumption - 7.5u of Reagent A added to the patient, 2.5u [[#Chemical Isomers|Chemical Isomers]] added to the patient.
* Reagent B with the retain volume trait 10u 75% purity on consumption - 10u Reagent B added to the patient and 2.5u [[#Chemical Isomers|Chemical Isomers]] added to the patient.
* Reagent A 10u 20% purity on consumption - 10u of [[#Toxic monomers|Toxic monomers]] added to the patient.
* Reagent A 10u <10% purity at the end of a reaction - 10u of [[#Viscous sludge|Viscous sludge]] replaces Reagent A in the beaker.

Here's a glossary on some of the terms used in the wiki:
* Unstable purity - Going below this value will make the reaction less stable - Causing extra effects specific to the reaction (such as Helbital's fire spin). If the reaction has an associated failed chem then that will be created as well either at the end, or during tte reaction if it is insolvent.
* Insolvency - Specifically for a reaction's impure/inverse products, if it is insolvent then it will precipitate out either during, or at the end of, a reaction as opposed to the standard effect of splitting on consumption.
* Unreacted purity - This is the purity of all reagents in the game that aren't made by chemists (generally 75%)
* Retains volume on splitting - Splitting into it's impure form does not reduce the original's volume (See reagent B example above, only applies for impure chem splitting, not inverse or failed.) At the moment core medicines are the only ones to do this.

=== Overdose scaling ===

For reagents that have an unreacted purity lower than 100% and an overdose effect, the dosage at which you overdose is not set in stone. For these reagents, the overdose dosage is lowered by how much purer the reagent you are taking is compared to its unreacted purity. The inverse, however, is not true. The overdose dosage can not be raised by using a reagent that is less pure than its unreacted purity. For clarity, a number example:

* Ephedrine has 75% unreacted purity
* You create ephedrine with a purity of 100%, which results in a decrease of 25% in its overdose threshold
* As ephedrine has a 30u overdose dosage normally, 30u is multiplied by 0.75, resulting in 22.5u being the true overdose threshold
* You apply a patch of 23u pure ephedrine to yourself, thinking you are safe. You overdose.

=== Optional catalysts ===

For some reactions, an optional catalyst can be added to modify the reaction of a whole group slightly. At present the only optional catalyst is Palladium synthate catalyst, which speeds up the rate of all medicine reactions.

=== Competitive reactions ===

These reactions are ones that compete with each other (aka equilibrium reactions) and will go back and forth depending on the conditions of the beaker. At present the only competing reaction is Tempomyocin and Purity tester reagent, but more will be put in soon.

==== General tips ====

* Make sure your pH is correct before heating up the reaction, If it's not reacting, this is usually the problem, after the reaction has started however, it will keep going past the limits, <b>producing 0% purity product</b>.
* Keeping your reaction in the heater to cool it can be a way to deal with exothermic reactions.
* You can adjust the pH of a reaction easily by using a dropper with buffer. Using a dropper on a heater will adjust the pH of the beaker within.
* Take a note of how your pH changes across the reaction and adjust beforehand accordingly, or have some buffer handy to inject into the reaction in the middle of it.
* You can abort reactions by crashing the temperature and hoping it's not exothermic enough to overcome that anyways. Alternatively, you could throw the beaker in a panic.
* Upgrading the heater and the dispenser will improve their ability to detect pH. (soon)
* For some reactions, it can be useful to keep reagents away from each other until both of them have optimal conditions.
* Temperature of buffers will change the temperature of whatever you're adding it to! Make sure to not pour hot buffer into a temperature sensitive reaction!