Редактирование: Guide to chemistry

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Invisible comment for wiki editors:

How to make a recipe recursive (giving it multi-level mouseover tooltips):
1. Create a new template page. Example: https://tgstation13.org/wiki/Template:RecursiveChem/Modafinil
2. Edit that page with the recipe. Again, see Modafinil for an example of what it should look like. 
3. Replace the recipe on this Guide to Chemistry page with {{RecursiveChem/Modafinil}} <- Replace modafinil with the actual chem name. 

Finished. 

ShadowQuill, who originally added this feature May 2019, made another guide here:
https://tgstation13.org/wiki/Template:RecursiveChem

- Angust Nov 16 2019
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{{Speech
|name=Tippo Felangus, the Chemist
|text=Hey mate, welcome to Chemistry. This is one of the few jobs where you can make a man heal back up to full health one second and make him explode the next.
<i>Sound too complicated? Naw, this shit is really simple to make. All you have to do is pour some of this Potassium into a beaker of water, like so...</i>
|image=[[File:Chemist action.png|64px|right]]
}}


This guide will primarily be useful for [[Chemist|chemists]] but may come in handy to any player and especially [[Traitor|traitors]]. See [[Chemical recipes]] for simplified step-by-step instructions on how to make complicated chemicals (sometimes outdated), and for info about using the dispenser's ''recipe recording'' function. For grenade making see [[Grenade|Grenades]]. If you don't have a [[#Chemistry_Dispensers|chem dispenser]], see the [[Guide_to_Ghetto_Chemistry|Guide to Ghetto Chemistry]].
<br><br>

A helper client for browsing this wiki (with several extra features) can be found here: https://hamcha.github.io/tghandbook/. That site is unofficial so use at own risk. 

== Handling reactions ==

For returning players - reactions now work over time. In general reaction rate is tied to temperature and in some cases the presence of an optional catalyst. In general Purity is tied to the purity of your reagents, and how far away from optimal your pH is. It's important to note that the basic reaction is a one size fits all while each reaction is updated over a batch of updates, so it's unlikely that they'll cause too much trouble for you. Keep your pH within 5-9 and bare in mind most reactions are exothermic now meaning they generate heat when reacting, dangerous when using certain explosive chemicals opposite is for endothermic reactions. [[#Methamphetamine|Meth]] has been tweaked - and it's a tad more dangerous, since it becomes more exothermic the less pure it is and meth explodes if it gets to 380k so be careful out there Walter!.

For a quick crash course in mechanics, the help button on the chem heater (now renamed the reaction chamber) will get you up to speed by guiding you through a calomel reaction. There's an achievement too if you complete it with a 100% purity product!

=== Temperature ===

All reactions that are non-instant have a reaction rate tied to the temperature of a beaker. If a chemical is reacting too slowly, simply heat the beaker up to speed it up. As a reaction occurs, it is either Exothermic (heat producing) or Endothermic (heat consuming). Care should be taken for the Exothermic reactions, as they are liable to overheat. An overheated reaction will reduce the yield of your reaction by default, and other reactions can have specialise effects when they get too hot (not in yet, but soon!). The rate in which a reaction heats up is faster the hotter it is, be careful to not lose control, and run if you do. 

=== Reaction rates ===
The easiest way to speed a reaction up is to heat the reaction up, but if you're looking for other ways, such as for plumbing, having an optional catalyst (such as Palladium synthate catalyst for medicines) at its required volume will also speed it up. Finally, one other alternative is to use Tempomyocin on a reaction to suddenly give it a boost.

=== Potential of Hydrogen (pH) ===

Every chemical has an innate pH, which can be seen by pressing the cog on the dispenser. The pH of the beaker is the sum of the pHes in the mix. The pH of a beaker determines how pure a product is, for the recipes with a given pH, you want to have your pH at the centre of the limits when the reaction starts. As a reaction progresses, it's likely the pH will begin to drift, and must be compensated for either with [[#Acidic_Buffer|buffer reagents]] or acidic/alkaline compounds. The pH range is something chemists often have to learn over several reactions, and the ChemMaster 3000 analyse function can give an insight into what pH you should be aiming for (Not in yet). Highly impure compounds are liable to affect your reaction too thus it is prudent to set your pH before reacting, as an overly impure reaction will drag the purity down of all other reagents with it. 

Presently the pH meter on the machines have a higher accuracy than normal to help players accumulate. 

=== Purity ===

Purity of a reagent is determined by how pure your reactants were, and how optimal the pH was during the reaction. If the product is slightly impure it'll split into the impure chem. 100% pure reagents will not split. If it is highly impure it will invert all of the product into the inverse chem (the percentage thresholds are given on the reagent's entry). If the reaction's purity is below the unstable purity, and the reaction has a failed chem, it will be replaced by that chem at the end of the reaction. Purity also can have an effect on a reagent's performance too which is detailed in the description. To clarify, here's an example case:

* Reagent A 10u 100% purity on consumption - 10u of Reagent A added to the patient.
* Reagent A 10u 75% purity on consumption - 7.5u of Reagent A added to the patient, 2.5u [[#Chemical Isomers|Chemical Isomers]] added to the patient.
* Reagent B with the retain volume trait 10u 75% purity on consumption - 10u Reagent B added to the patient and 2.5u [[#Chemical Isomers|Chemical Isomers]] added to the patient.
* Reagent A 10u 20% purity on consumption - 10u of [[#Toxic monomers|Toxic monomers]] added to the patient.
* Reagent A 10u <10% purity at the end of a reaction - 10u of [[#Viscous sludge|Viscous sludge]] replaces Reagent A in the beaker.

Here's a glossary on some of the terms used in the wiki:
* Unstable purity - Going below this value will make the reaction less stable - Causing extra effects specific to the reaction (such as Helbital's fire spin). If the reaction has an associated failed chem then that will be created as well either at the end, or during tte reaction if it is insolvent.
* Insolvency - Specifically for a reaction's impure/inverse products, if it is insolvent then it will precipitate out either during, or at the end of, a reaction as opposed to the standard effect of splitting on consumption.
* Unreacted purity - This is the purity of all reagents in the game that aren't made by chemists (generally 75%)
* Retains volume on splitting - Splitting into it's impure form does not reduce the original's volume (See reagent B example above, only applies for impure chem splitting, not inverse or failed.) At the moment core medicines are the only ones to do this.

=== Overdose scaling ===

For reagents that have an unreacted purity lower than 100% and an overdose effect, the dosage at which you overdose is not set in stone. For these reagents, the overdose dosage is lowered by how much purer the reagent you are taking is compared to its unreacted purity. The inverse, however, is not true. The overdose dosage can not be raised by using a reagent that is less pure than its unreacted purity. For clarity, a number example:

* Ephedrine has 75% unreacted purity
* You create ephedrine with a purity of 100%, which results in a decrease of 25% in its overdose threshold
* As ephedrine has a 30u overdose dosage normally, 30u is multiplied by 0.75, resulting in 22.5u being the true overdose threshold
* You apply a patch of 23u pure ephedrine to yourself, thinking you are safe. You overdose.

=== Optional catalysts ===

For some reactions, an optional catalyst can be added to modify the reaction of a whole group slightly. At present the only optional catalyst is Palladium synthate catalyst, which speeds up the rate of all medicine reactions.

=== Competitive reactions ===

These reactions are ones that compete with each other (aka equilibrium reactions) and will go back and forth depending on the conditions of the beaker. At present the only competing reaction is Tempomyocin and Purity tester reagent, but more will be put in soon.

==== General tips ====

* Make sure your pH is correct before heating up the reaction, If it's not reacting, this is usually the problem, after the reaction has started however, it will keep going past the limits, <b>producing 0% purity product</b>.
* Keeping your reaction in the heater to cool it can be a way to deal with exothermic reactions.
* You can adjust the pH of a reaction easily by using a dropper with buffer. Using a dropper on a heater will adjust the pH of the beaker within.
* Take a note of how your pH changes across the reaction and adjust beforehand accordingly, or have some buffer handy to inject into the reaction in the middle of it.
* You can abort reactions by crashing the temperature and hoping it's not exothermic enough to overcome that anyways. Alternatively, you could throw the beaker in a panic.
* Upgrading the heater and the dispenser will improve their ability to detect pH. (soon)
* For some reactions, it can be useful to keep reagents away from each other until both of them have optimal conditions.
* Temperature of buffers will change the temperature of whatever you're adding it to! Make sure to not pour hot buffer into a temperature sensitive reaction!

== Tools and Machinery ==
You have all sorts of chems here, and can make many things. You can make [[#Medicines|medicines]], [[#Smoke|smoke]], [[#Fluorosurfactant|foam]], [[#Flash Powder|flash powder]], [[#Toxins|poisons]], [[#Space Lube|space lube]], [[#Fluorosulfuric Acid|acid]] and much more. The limit on combinations is a limit that exists only in your creativity (and the game engine). Be sure to be careful though, as mixing the wrong chemicals can be bad for your health, and please make sure you know what a chemical does before you use it. Experiment at your own risk.


=== [[File:Dispenser.png|Chem Dispenser]] Chemistry Dispensers ===

[[Chem Dispenser|Chem dispensers]] can be upgraded to unlock more chemicals, allow for more precise macro usage, increased power recharge rate and higher power capacity. If you run out of power, you can disassemble the dispenser with screwdriver+crowbar and rebuild it by first putting the circuit board back, and then all other things but use a full power cell [[File:Power_cell.png]] instead of the old one. Then screwdriver to finish. Or you can charge the machine with an [[inducer]] [[File:Inducer.png]].

'''Available chemicals''':
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Click expand to see what chemicals are available:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
'''Normal''':
* Hydrogen
* Oxygen
* Silicon
* Phosphorus
* Sulfur
* Carbon
* Nitrogen
* Water
* Lithium
* Sugar
* Sulfuric acid
* Copper
* Mercury
* Sodium
* Iodine
* Bromine
* Ethanol
* Chlorine
* Potassium
* Aluminium
* Radium
* Fluorine
* Iron
* Welding fuel
* <s>Silver</s> Removed Oct, 2020. 
* Stable plasma

'''Upgraded (tier 4 matter manipulator)''':
* Acetone
* Ammonia
* Ash
* Diethylamine
* Oil
* Saltpetre

'''Emagged''':
* Space Drugs
* Morphine
* Toxin
* Carpotoxin
* Miner's Salve
</div>
</div>

'''Upgradeable parts''':
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Click expand to see upgrades:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* '''Better matter bins:''' greater power efficiency per unit dispensed.
* '''Better capacitor:''' faster recharging speed.
* '''Better power cell:'''  larger maximum power capacity.
* '''Better manipulator:''' unlocks more chemicals. <s>Longer and more complex chemistry macros can be performed. At tier 1 manips, macros round to the nearest 5u, then 3u at tier 2, 2u at tier 3 and 1u at tier 4</s>

</div>
</div>

=== [[File:Chemical_Heater.png|Chemical Heater]] Reaction Chamber ===

The reaction chamber (previously known as the chem heater) provides all the tools needed to help you react your reactions. You can set your heat, dispense buffers and watch your reactions in real time. An unupgraded reaction chamber will let you know when a reaction is overheated by highlighting it in red. More buffer can be added to the chamber by putting in a beaker into the heater and pressing the draw all button next to the buffer volume display.

Some chemical reactions will require you to heat the reagents in a Reaction Chamber. Unless the recipes says otherwise, these reactions need you to heat the reagents ''above'' the required temperature in order to start the reaction. Some reactions can stop if they drop below their required temperature.
Don't forget you can use droppers directly on reaction chambers to add/draw to/from as well!
This machine will heat/cool a beaker to the desired temperature, slowing down the heating/cooling speed as it approaches the target temperature. If you don't risk making the chemical explode by overheating it (like with [[#Methamphetamine|meth]]) you can just set it to a very high temperature to avoid this. <br><br>'''Due to a rounding bug you sometimes need to heat chems 1 degree higher than the recipe says.'''<br><br>
Upgrading the laser will increase the heating/cooling speed as well as the capabilities of the machine. See below:

Level 1:
[[File:Reaction chamber level 1.gif]]
Level 4:
[[File:Reaction chamber level 4.gif]]

An upgraded reaction chamber gives you more tools and information about the reactions held within it.
* At level 2 the pH meter will flash if any of the reactions are outside of the pH optimal
* At level 3 the reaction chamber will be able to follow your reaction progress in real time
* At level 4 the reaction chamber will be able to determine the reaction quality in real time, displaying the effects of purity, pH and other factors along a dial. The dial will flash if the reaction is below the minimum purity for the reaction.

=== [[File:Chemmaster.gif|ChemMaster 3000]] ChemMaster 3000 ===

Separates, bottles, and makes pills/patches out of chemicals loaded inside. You can load pretty much any container - beakers, spray bottles, water bottles and so on.<br>
Maximum size for dispensed bottles is 30u, patches 40u and pills 50u. Use a chemistry bag [[File:Chemistry_bag.png]] to quickly move large quantities of bottles, patches or pills. <br>
Can be upgraded with bigger beakers to allow a bigger buffer. By default it contains two ordinary 50u beakers for a total buffer volume of 100u.

=== [[File:PortableMixerBig.png|alt=|ChemMaster 3000]] Portable Chemical Mixer ===

'''This item''' '''does <u>NOT</u> require an [[Guide to toxins#Implosion Compressor and Anomaly Refining|anomaly core]] anymore'''. 

A portable device that fits into the belt slot, enabling you to store, mix and dispense chemicals on the go. Can be printed at the medical lathe. 

'''CTRL + Left click''' will open or close the portable mixer. While open [[File:Portable Chemical Mixer (open).png|alt=]] you can access it like any other bag, and fill it with up to 50 beakers and bottles. When closed [[File:Portable Chemical Mixer (closed).png|alt=]]you can do a simple '''Left click''' to open it's UI. While the portable mixer is closed [[File:Portable Chemical Mixer (closed).png|alt=]] it functions similar to a [[Guide to chemistry#Tools and Machinery|Chemistry Dispenser]], allowing you to add and remove a single beaker which you can dispense into [[File:Portable Chemical Mixer (closed).png|alt=]][[File:Portable Chemical Mixer (Beaker).png|alt=]]
[[File:Portable Chemical Mixer (Accessed like a bag).png|thumb|Different containers with chemicals, stored inside the portable chemical mixer.(Image 1 of 2)]]
[[File:Portable Chemical Mixer (UI Controls).png|thumb|All chemicals inside the containers of the portable chemical mixer, combined into UI buttons. (Image 2 of 2)]]
'''Tips for the Portable Chemical Mixer'''

* Unlike the chemistry bag [[File:Chemistry_bag.png]]the portable chemical mixer does not combine beakers of the same type into one single icon when accessing its contents. This makes it a superior option for beaker storage.
* All containers with the same, main chemical inside them, are represented as a single button in the UI. (e.g. a small beaker with 50u Inacusiate and a big beaker with 100u Inacusiate, are represented as 150u Inacusiate (see image).
* A container with more than one chemical inside will be represented by the most dominant chemical in it. (Try to avoid adding beakers with more than one chemical in them, if you want to stay on the safe side)
* The portable chemical mixer is an excellent storage device for pure chemicals that you want to store until you need them in other recipes. Filling it with beakers of pure [[Guide to chemistry#Oil|Oil]], [[Guide to chemistry#Phenol|Phenol]] or [[Guide to chemistry#Multiver|Multiver]] means quick and easy access to them, whenever you need them in advanced chemicals.
* Tired of the floor in chemistry being littered with beakers? Put them in the portable chemical mixer.
* The botanist made you some [[Guide to chemistry#Carpotoxin|Carpotoxin]] and filled it into condiment bottles? No need to carry them by hand, use the portable chemical mixer.
* The Janitor is too lazy to clean medbay? Put one beaker with [[Guide to chemistry#Fluorosurfactant|Fluorosurfactant]], one with [[Guide to chemistry#Space Cleaner|Space Cleaner]] and one with Water in your portable chem mixer, position yourself and dispense them in equal amounts into a big beaker. Instant cleaner grenade action.
* The AI and bots are trying to kill you? Get some Uranium from the lathe, grind it, and put a beaker of it with a beaker of Iron into your portable chem mixer. Dispense both in equal amounts into a big beaker to cause an [[Guide to chemistry#EMP|EMP]].
* The doctors are too busy to help and the paramedic is too dead to help? Get yourself a health analyzer, fill your portable chem mixer with beakers of useful medicines (and/or cures and vaccines) and dispense the right dosages for people in need, anywhere on the station.

=== [[File:Hplc.gif|HPLC]] High-performance liquid chromatography machine (HPLC) ===

Can detect impurity levels of reagents added to it, making it one of the best ways to detect purity of a reagent at roundstart. See below:

[[File:Mass spec.png]]

The HPLC can also purify a reagent up to it's standard purity (usually 75%). This takes time and a bit of volume. Inverted reagents cannot be purified, though any reagent that is passed through the system will still cost time. While it's processing the Mass Spectroscopy cannot be used at the same time.

To use the HPLC left clicking will interact with the input beaker - so left clicking with a beaker will add it, alt click with a beaker in it will remove it. Right clicking with a beaker will add a beaker to the output slot, and alt right clicking will remove it. The machine needs both an input and output to purify - though can still analyse with just a single input.

The icon also indicates at what state it is at - a bar chart on the screen shows that it's analysing an input beaker, a sine wave shows that it's currently purifying and a blank screen indicates that it's input beaker is either empty or removed.

=== [[File:Blender.png|Reagent Grinder]] All-In-One Grinder ===

Grinds, crushes, liquefies and extracts reagents from materials placed into it.<br>
If there is a significant reagent associated with the item, the Reagent grinder will distill a pure sample inside the collection beaker.<br>
For example: Plasma/gold/uranium/metal sheets, donk pockets, fruits, dead mice.

=== [[File:Smoke_machine.png|Smoke Machine]] Smoke Machine ===

Dispenses any chemical inside as a [[#Smoke|smoke]] cloud. Needs to be secured by wrenching first.<br>
A great alternative to [[#Smoke|smoke]] [[Grenade|grenades]], but easily incites lynch mobs.<br>
Can only be obtained through the circuit board being printed, and the required parts being assembled first.<br>

'''Upgradeable parts''':
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Click expand to see upgrades:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* '''Manipulator''': Unlocks the higher range settings.
* '''Matter bin''': Increases maximum capacity.
* '''Capacitor''': Increases efficiency.
</div>
</div>

=== pH paper ===

pH paper can tell you the rough pH by putting it into the beaker. The colour of the strip will indicate what the pH is. 

=== Buffer reagents ===

[[#Acidic_Buffer|Buffers]] are reagents that alter the pH of a mixture towards acidity (0) or alkalinity (14). These liquids dissiplate into a mixture, unless stabilizing agent is added. 

=== Chemical analyzer ===

A handy meter that can tell you all about the reagents found in a beaker, as well as being one of the two ways to testt purity (the other bring the purity tester, which will tell you if the reagent is inverse). Resarchable and printable by the lathe. Currently the only way to detect purity of a reagent, other than taking it yourself.

===Plumbing===
On some maps the [[Chemist|chemists]] have access to a large empty area with plumbing tools. The available chemicals those can synthesize should be the same as with an unupgraded [[#Chemistry_Dispensers|chem dispenser]], but the workflow is more like a production line chem factory instead of instant dispensing. See the [[Guide_to_plumbing|Guide to plumbing]] to learn more about this system. You may still have access to the pharmacy though, which has chem dispensers.

==Metabolism==
When a reagent enters a bloodstream it will start to "tick"(aka "cycle") about every 2 seconds. These are called "life ticks", and are not to be confused with server ticks/tickrate. When this happens the bloodstream is purged of an amount of every reagent usually equal to their listed metabolism rates. This is the rate at which the chemical disappears from your body. It doesn't matter how many chems you have in your body, as they are all metabolised separately. If you are [[Guide_to_food#Hunger|hungry]] (sluggish), this will happen 20% slower, which makes chemicals have a bigger total effect since they last longer without being weaker per tick. Many mobs are "simplemobs" which means they don't have bloodstreams and thus cannot be poisoned, sedated or healed with medicine. Monkeys and most playable humanoids are the exceptions to this.

==Addiction==
Every time you metabolize a drug, you will gain addiction points in the category it belongs to. For every unit of drugs metabolized you receive addiction points. More extreme drugs and [[Guide_to_drinks|alcohol]] will give you more points. If you gain 600 points in addiction category, you will become addicted. By not taking said drugs you will lower the amount of addiction points. High [[Mood|sanity]] speeds up the process.
*You lose 0,5 points per tick with no withdrawal or stage 1 withdrawal.
*You lose 1 point per tick with stage 2 withdrawal.
*You lose 1,5 points per tick with stage 3 withdrawal.
When your mood is good you always lose 2 points per tick regardless of the stage.
If you then fall below 400 points you stop being addicted.
Taking more of the drug you're addicted to will temporarily suppress symptoms. Addiction stages advance from time in withdrawal. 

'''Addiction categories:'''
===Stimulants===

Stimulant withdrawal makes you slow in a number of ways.

*At the first stage you get craving messages about feeling tired and needing a little pick me up. Your actions also become slower(action speed penalty).
*At the second stage you recieve a click cooldown penalty.
*At the third stage you get a movement speed penalty and more craving messages.

===Opiods===

The main symptom of opiod withdrawal is nausea. 

*At the first stage you get craving messages about feels aches in your body, chills and needing opioids. You start yawning intermittently.
*At the second stage your high blood pressure will increase rate of blood loss from any open wounds.
*At the third stage you will get hit by waves of nausea and vomiting.

===Alcohol===

Alcohol withdrawal is easy to stave off due to the abundance of low alcohol content drinks available from the bar, but it is the only one that can be outright lethal.

*At the first stage you get craving messages about feeling thirsty, wondering if the bar is still open and needing a little Dutch courage. You also start to jitter.
*At the second stage you start to hallucinate.
*At the third stage you start to suffer intermittant seizures that paralyze you for 1-3 seconds and cause 10-30 brain damage depending on duration. Your seizures also cause heavy jittering. Seizures can be prevented by taking [[#Neurine|neurine]] or [[#Sodium_Thiopental|sodium thiopental]]. 

===Hallucinogens===

*At the first stage you get craving messages about feeling empty, spirtually detached and you start to wonder what the machine elves are up to.
*At the second stage you get visual disturbances. 
*At the third stage you enter a [[Traitor_items#Hypnotic_Flash|hypnotic trance]]. 

===Maintenance Drugs===

*At the first stage you get craving messages, start growling intermittently and your health indicator will become unreliable.
*At the second stage you can only stomach GROSS food and you grow a scraggly beard if male.
*At the third stage you will become very dizzy and confused when exposed to light, but it also gives you night vision.

===Medicines===
*Stage 1: You become unsure of your own health, are you aching, or is it just the down from the meds?
*Stage 2: You develop a fever.
*Stage 3: You organs begin to ache a bit too.

In general most pure medicines don't accrue addiction points – it’s instead the inverse or impure chems that will turn you into a hypochondriac.

===Special===
Some reagents have their own unique addiction type. Such as [[Guide_to_chemistry#Nicotine|Nicotine]].

==Active Pure Chemicals==
A.K.A. what happens when you eat or splash these. Their metabolism rate is 0.4u per tick/cycle unless said otherwise. Unmentioned dispensable chemicals don't have any effects. Plasma and uranium require you to grind mineral sheets to acquire.
*'''Chlorine''': Causes 1 brute damage per tick to a random body part.
*'''Copper''': Can be splashed on metal sheets to create bronze sheets.
*{{anchor|Ethanol}}'''Ethanol''': A decent alcoholic "beverage", with a [[Guide_to_drinks|booze power]] of 65. Increases the speed of [[Surgery|surgery]] procedures and flammability when applied externally. Metabolism rate 0.2.
*'''Fluorine''': Causes 1 toxin damage per tick.
*'''Iron''': Slowly restores blood volume.
*'''Lithium''': Causes twitching, drooling, moaning and not being able to walk straight.
*'''Mercury''': Causes 1 brain damage per tick, twitching, drooling, moaning and not being able to walk straight.
*'''[[Plasma]]''': Causes 3 toxin damage per tick. Creates gas form plasma when spilled or heated to 323.15K (50°C). Not to be confused with Stable Plasma, which does nothing.
*'''Radium''': Causes 2 toxin damage per tick. Creates glowing green goo on floor if more than 3u is spilled.
*'''Sugar''': Gives nutrition. Causes hyperglycemic shock if overdosed (200u). Metabolism rate 0.8.
*'''Sulfuric Acid''': Causes 1 toxin damage and some instant brute damage to one body part when ingested, and slightly more brute damage when ''injected''. Destroys head-wear and causes burn damage when sprayed or splashed on someone. Counts as a [[#Toxins|toxin]].
*'''Uranium''': Causes 1 toxin damage per tick. Creates glowing green goo on floor if more than 3u is spilled.
*'''Water''': Slightly generates blood volume. Additionally, freezes into ice below 274K.
*'''Welding Fuel''': Causes 1 toxin damage per tick. Makes people flammable if splashed on. If splashed on the floor, makes a pool of fuel that can be ignited, which can ignite other pools around it.

===Catalysts===
{{Anchor|Catalyst}}When a reagent in a recipe is marked "(catalyst)" it means it will not be consumed in the reaction. Some Catalysts are optional and are highlighted as such. These optional catalysts affect the ongoing reaction in certain ways.
<!--
As of July 31, 2023, reagents are stored on separate pages to reduce lag in the editor and make them easier to maintain.
IF YOU ARE EDITING REAGENTS, THEY ARE SORTED IN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES
----------------------
| Components         |
| Reaction agents    |
| Medicines          |
| Narcotics          |
| Pyrotechnics       |
| Other reagents     |
| Toxins             |
| Undesired reagents |
----------------------

Go to the file that you want to add the reagent to (example: tgstation13.org/wiki/Chemistry/Components) and edit the corresponding table.
any changes you make will automatically be updated here!

IF YOU WANT TO CREATE ANOTHER CATEGORY
Create a new page under the Chemistry page with the name of your category
Wrap the data you want to put on another page in <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>
Include the table below using the template {{:Chemistry/YourCategory}}
See tgstation13.org/wiki/Chemistry/Components for an example implementation

IF YOU WANT TO PUT THE REAGENTS ON ANOTHER PAGE
Either copy the following templates for the reagents you want or use the template {{:Reagents}} to include all of them on a page.
-->
{{anchor|Reagents}}
{{:Chemistry/Components}}

{{:Chemistry/Reaction_agents}}

{{:Chemistry/Medicines}}

{{:Chemistry/Narcotics}}

{{:Chemistry/Pyrotechnics}}

{{:Chemistry/Other_reagents}}

{{:Chemistry/Toxins}}

{{:Chemistry/Undesired_reagents}}

==Reagent Delivery{{anchor|Reagent Delivery}}==
{{anchor|Under_the_hood}}There are different ways you can apply chemicals to a person or the environment.

===Delivery types===
There are 5 types of delivery, called '''ingest''', '''inject''', '''vapor''', '''touch''' and '''patch'''. If you are not interested in the details, you can skip to [[#Smoke_vs_foam|Smoke vs Foam vs others]]. <br>

====Ingest====
Ingesting reagents puts them into the [[Guide_to_medicine#Organ_table|stomach]]. The individual reagents in the stomach will then be digested over time, which slowly moves them to the bloodstream at a rate partly based on the amount of them in the stomach, and stomach type ([[Guide_to_races|race]]). Most reagents have no effect until they have been moved to the bloodstream where they start metabolising (an exception is milk). They can be ejected if the person vomits. Ingestion is used by pills, cigarettes, [[General_items#Vape|e-cigarettes]] and drinking/eating the reagent directly. Inhaling [[#Smoke|smoke]] counts as ingesting, with the difference that smoke bypasses the stomach and is added directly to the bloodstream. [[#Probital|Probital]] works best when ingested.

====Inject====
On inject the reagent simply enters the target's bloodstream and starts metabolising. Reagents in blood can be [[Surgery#Filter_Blood|filtered out]] using surgery. Used by syringes and IV-drips. [[#Syriniver|Syriniver]] works best if injected.

====Vapor====
Vapor is used by (ranged) spray bottles and [[#Fluorosurfactant|foam]]. A portion of the reagents will enter the bloodstream of the target, depending on the overall bio protection the target's clothing offers. Any MODsuit typically makes the target completely immune to getting it into their bloodstream, if the helmet is closed. But if the reagent has a "vapor" based component, that component will still affect the target, like [[#Fluorosulfuric Acid|Fluorosulfuric Acid]]. See more about [[#Fluorosurfactant|foam]] [[#Smoke_vs_foam|below]], with examples. [[#Hercuri|Hercuri]] works best as vapor.

====Touch====
Touch is used by [[#Smoke|smoke]] and splashing. If the reagent has a "touch" based component, that component will affect the target (such as the instant heal part of [[#Synthflesh|Synthflesh]]), without being blocked by clothing. Nothing at all will enter the target's bloodstream, with the exception of smoke if the target has no internals on. Currently all "touch" components are also "patch" components. See more on [[#Smoke|smoke]] [[#Smoke_vs_foam|below]], with examples.

====Patch====
Patch is used by patches and medical gels. The reagent enters the target's bloodstream entirely AND if the reagent has a "patch" based component, that component will affect the target. Currently all  "patch" components are also "touch" components.

===Smoke vs foam vs others===
These are the major practical differences between pills, syringes, patches, cigarettes, [[#Smoke|smoke]], [[#Fluorosurfactant|foam]], splash and spray. <br>
====Pills====
Pills can be instantly [[#Ingest|ingested]] if used on yourself. It doesn't work if mouth is covered. [[Plasmaman|Plasmamen]] will have trouble taking these. They hold up to 50u. Aren't added to bloodstream instantly. <br>

====Syringes====
[[Medical_items#Syringe|Syringes]] can inject into people even with their mouths covered, either by hand or with a syringe gun. It doesn't work on players wearing MODsuits or other pierce-immune clothing, unless you use a piercing syringe or manage to aim for an exposed part of their body. [[Golem]]s are completely immune to syringes (even piercing syringes), but [[Guide_to_chemistry#Patches|patches]] do work on them. A syringe holds between 10-60u, depending on type. Common syringes hold 15u. <br>

====Patches====
Will add all reagents into a person's bloodstream through any clothing, including MODsuits. Also apply [[#Touch|touch]]/[[#Patch|patch]] based effects. Example: A patch of 20u [[#Synthflesh|Synthflesh]] will instantly heal 25 brute and burn (touch component), and also enter the target's bloodstream (which in this case does nothing). Usable by [[Plasmaman|plasmamen]]. Can hold up to 40u. <br>

====Cigarettes====
Can be dipped in reagents to be filled. If smoking/vaping, you will slowly [[#Ingest|ingest]] whatever reagents the cigarette/cigar/[[General_items#Vape|e-cig]] contains. Though, if the reagents are too diluted, they may not build up in your bloodstream fast enough to have any effect at all. [[General_items#Vape|E-cigarettes]] can be trimmed with a screwdriver and multitool to also create [[#Smoke|smoke]]. <br>

====[[#Smoke|Smoke]]====
{{Anchor|Smoke_effect}}
When a smoke reaction occurs, the smoke will consume any other reagent in its original containers, and spread that reagent to flooring and people/mobs who enter its area of effect. People who enter the smoke will be [[#Touch|touched]] by the reagents. If they do not have internals or a gas mask on, they will also [[#Ingest|ingest]] the reagents. The amount of smoke does not dilute the reagents. The reagents will be copied to every individual or tile (not walls, windows or doors) over the cloud's duration. Reagents that are special coded to affect floor/environment (such as blood, [[#Fluorosulfuric Acid|acid]] or [[#Space_Cleaner|Space Cleaner]]) will do so. Smoke will usually block sight. <br>
'''Smoke example 1:''' Smoke containing 20u [[#Synthflesh|Synthflesh]]. Everyone caught in the cloud, including people wearing MODsuits, will slowly heal 25 brute and burn (and take toxin damage), if they stay in the smoke for its full duration (otherwise they will heal partially). Those who are not wearing internals will also [[#Ingest|ingest]] 20u of the medicine, making it enter their bloodstream (which does nothing in this case). <br>

'''Smoke example:''' Smoke containing 20u [[#Chlorine Trifluoride|Chlorine Trifluoride]](CLF3). CLF3 has a [[#Touch|touch]] component, so everyone caught in the cloud, including people wearing MODsuit and internals, will catch on fire. It will also deal burn damage to the environment, since CLF3 is coded to do so. Those who are not wearing internals will also [[#Ingest|ingest]] 20u of the CLF3 and thus, start heating up from the inside, effectively burning from both in and out at the same time. <br>

====[[#Fluorosurfactant|Foam]]====
When a foam reaction occurs, the foam will consume any other reagent in its original containers, and spread that reagent to flooring and people/mobs who enter its area of effect. The foam will spread slower than smoke and is usually slippery. Reagents will be copied through the [[#Vapor|vapor]] type delivery to those affected over the duration of the foam, BUT the reagents will be heavily diluted depending on the amount of foaming reagent used. Any clothing will reduce how much of the reagents will enter a person's bloodstream. Furthermore, foam reagent bloodstream insertion is divided into several 'ticks'. A minimum amount of reagent is required per tick for it to enter a bloodstream. So if too little reagents are contained in the reaction, or too much foam is used, the foam will do nothing. These ticks are counted ''after'' dilution and protection from clothing. On the other hand, if you use very small amounts of foam, the reagents may instead multiply in the bloodstream to more than the original amount. MODsuits with helmets on will make people immune to getting reagents into their bloodstream through foam. Despite dilution, the foam will still copy remaining chems such as [[#Fluorosulfuric Acid|acid]], [[#Chlorine Trifluoride|CLF3]], or [[#Space_Cleaner|Space Cleaner]] to any tile it touches (but not walls, windows or doors). Foam will not block sight. <br>

'''Foam example 1:''' 250u foam containing 10u [[#Cyanide|Cyanide]] will spread a blue foam that does nothing to those it touches. The poison is too diluted to work at all. <br>

'''Foam example 2:''' 20u foam containing 250u [[#Fluorosulfuric Acid|Fluorosulfuric Acid]]. A small area and everyone touched by the foam will have large amounts of acid slowly melting their clothing and the affected floor and items. Those who did not wear a MODsuit will also have a large amount of acid in their bloodstreams, depending on what they were wearing and how long they were in the foam. If they had internals on or not doesn't matter. <br>

====Splashing====
Throwing a beaker or using {{Rightclick}} on something while holding it will splash its contents. The longer throw distance, the more the splash will spread out. A [[grenade]] will splash its content unless it also contains [[#Smoke|smoke]] or [[#Fluorosurfactant|foam]]. Splashing only does [[#Touch|touch]] delivery. This means most chemicals will do absolutely nothing when splashed. Reagents that have special properties to affect environment, such as Water, will do so where splashed (creates slippery tile). Reagents that have a [[#Touch|touch]] component will apply that component only. Example: If you throw a beaker of 80u [[#Synthflesh|Synthflesh]] at someone, you will instantly heal them for 100 brute and burn (and deal up to 150 toxin damage), since Synthflesh is touch/patch based. It doesn't matter if the target uses MODsuit or internals in this case. This means throwing a beaker of poison at someone will do nothing at all. Splashing can apply chemicals such as [[#Thermite|Thermite]] to walls. <br>

====Spraying====
Spraying reagents will apply them to environments (if they have any such effect), and will enter hit people's bloodstreams through the [[#Vapor|vapor]] delivery. This means clothing will protect from some/most/all of the reagents, depending on what they are wearing. Using a MODsuit with helmet on makes them immune to getting the reagent into their bloodstream. Reagents such as [[#Fluorosulfuric Acid|acid]], [[#Chlorine Trifluoride|CLF3]], or [[#Space_Cleaner|Space Cleaner]] will still cause their special effects when sprayed on people/environments, but will not enter the bloodstream if the target is wearing too heavy clothing. <br><br>

== Beyond the Dispenser ==
Just because it isn't found in the dispenser or the guide above doesn't mean you can't use it! [[Guide_to_drinks|Drinks]], [[Guide_to_xenobiology|slime cores]] and plenty of other things can provide limitless fun for an enterprising and curious chemist.

[[Category:Guides]][[Category:Chemistry]]